Acids and Bases: Arrhenius vs Bronsted-Lowey

Today we learned the difference between acids and bases; everything from the physical characteristics to their chemical makeup. We also learned the difference between Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowery bases and acids. Below is a quick overview of what we learned:

Physical Properties

• Acids- taste sour, feel sticky, show red or pink on litmus paper
• Bases- taste bitter, feel slippery, show blue on litmus paper

Arrhenius Acids and Bases

http://img.youtube.com/vi/ph5lqm5fi8s/0.jpg

• Acids- produce hydrogen ions in solution (H+) [HCL--> H+ + Cl-]
• Bases- produce hydroxide ions in solution (OH-) [NaOH--> Na+ + OH-]
• Amphitheater substance- can be an acid or a base  [water]

Bronsted-Lowery Acids and Bases

• Acids- donate a proton (H+)
• Bases- accept a proton (H+)
• Conjugate acid- substance formed when a proton is added to a base
• Conjugate base- remaining substance when a proton is lost from an acid

******* Acids produce conjugate bases, Bases produce conjugate acids********
Acid Strength

• List of Strong Acids
• Perchloric acid (HClO4)
• Chloric acid (HClO3)
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
• Hydroiodic acid (HI)
• Nitric acid (HNO3)
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 

If the oxygen outnumbers the hydrogen by two or more, it is considered a strong acid.

For more information or practice use the links below:
Detailed Explanation with Examples
Video explanation
Shorter video
Quiz Yourself

Stoichiometric Equations

Unfortunately, I was not here for this lesson, so I had to learn it on my own. Below is a picture of my notes that I got from a friend from class:

When I learned it I read the lesson in my book and used multiple internet sources to help me understand how to solve solution stoich problems. Some websites that were especially helpful were:
Explanation of Stoichiometric Equations
Video Explaination
Practice Problems

I went in the next day and Mrs. Frankenberg explained it in simple terms.
(L of Substance A) x (Molarity of A) x (mole ratio) x (L of B) = (Molarity of B)
You will have to change it depending on what information is given, but this is the general formula for a Solution Stoich problem.

First day of Mystery Lab

Today we began our lab to figure out who  the murder was at the crime scene. We first tested the unknown solution with Sodium chloride and Sodium Carbonate to see what type of solution the unknown was. Once we figured out it was Silver nitrate (because it formed a participate) we moved on to the next step. We then mixed 25mL of Silver nitrate with 50mL of Sodium Carbonate in a beaker. Then we poured the solution into a weighed filter paper over a flask. Then we let it drip until all liquid was taken out and then we left it on top to dry.
Result of Another high school group lab, shown dramatically

Weekly Quiz

This weeks quiz was both hard and easy. There were many questions I felt 100% confident about, however, there were also many I was uneasy about. I need to review how to read solubility graphs when the amount of water used on the graph does not match the amount of water in the question that is being asked. I hope the grades get put in soon, so I know what I got!

Good to the Last Drop

Today we did a lab involving serial dilutions using water and food coloring. It was very simple to complete and the colors we made we actually really cool. This unit is actually very interesting so far!
How to Calculate Serial Dilutions
Explanation of our lab